Systematic review of core muscle activity during physical fitness exercises. Martuscello JM, Nuzzo JL, Ashley CD, Campbell BI, Orriola JJ, Mayer JM.

Comparison of deep and superficial abdominal muscle activity between experienced Pilates and resistance exercise instructors and controls during stabilization exercise. Lie flat on the floor, hands flat by your sides to stabilise. Consider this study when developing your strength and conditioning programs. This crunch focusses the effort on the lower abs. Effects of core strength training using stable versus unstable surfaces on physical fitness in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Try this variation of the reverse crunch. Granacher U, Schellbach J, Klein K, Prieske O, Baeyens JP, Muehlbauer T. What are reverse crunches The reverse crunch is a simple core strengthening exercise that targets your visceral muscles. Comparison of the Effects of Hollowing and Bracing Exercises on Cross-sectional Areas of Abdominal Muscles in Middle-aged Women.

Muscle activity in upper and lower rectus abdominus during abdominal exercises. Sarti MA, Monfort M, Fuster MA, Villaplana LA. Fully extend your legs, with your toes pointing upward and keeping your gaze focused on the ceiling or sky.

Reverse crunch